The municipality of Vega de San Mateo has the highest altitude on the island (1,956 m), giving the municipality a very humid climate. This climate is also characterized by sharp temperature contrasts, with very hot summers and nighttime frosts and occasional snowfall in winters. Precipitation ranges between 1,000 mm and 600 m on average annually.
It has areas of great ecological value due to the presence of forested and relict forests. The Lomo de las Pitas has a very interesting remnant of secondary laurel forest, predominantly laurel; the Antona ravine also has a laurel forest. In the Barranco de los Mireles, La Bodeguilla, and El Madroñal ravines, there is a large presence of strawberry trees.
The municipality's marked mountainous nature, due to its high altitude, gives rise to formations of heathland, pine forests, with scrubland of broom, gorse, and other shrubs. There are also significant areas of chestnut plantations. The agricultural development of the area has also contributed to the development of foreign species such as the common and aggressive Pita and the prickly pear. The agricultural plains of San Mateo provide great landscape value and are located mainly in the vicinity of the town center, as well as at the headwaters of the main ravines such as Hoya del Gamonal, Camaretas, Cueva Grande, Las Lagunetas, and so on.
